The role of momentary emotions in promoting error learning orientation among lower secondary school students: An intervention study embedded in a short visual programming course.

BACKGROUND: Students make many errors in visual programming. In order to learn from these, it is important that students regulate their emotions and view errors as learning opportunities. AIMS: This study aimed to explore to what extent momentary emotions, specifically enjoyment, anxiety and boredom, as well as the error learning orientation of students, interacted during a 1-day course on visual programming in an out-of-school learning environment. SAMPLES: The sample consisted of 269 lower secondary school students (grades 7-9). METHODS: The data were collected in an intervention study, with questionnaires applied directly before and after the course, and with four measurements of state emotions during the course. RESULTS: The results showed that error learning orientation had an expected effect on the students' emotions at the beginning of the course. The emotions changed positively over the course of the workshop, while the error learning orientation remained stable. No differences in error learning orientation were found between the control and intervention groups. An expected, reciprocal effect of students' emotions on their error learning orientation at the end of the course day could not be found. CONCLUSION: Changes in error learning orientation are difficult to achieve during 1-day courses. Nevertheless, through targeted, pedagogical approaches, which aim to minimize the influence of unfavourable emotions that occur in problem-oriented learning situations, teachers could help students develop a positive error learning orientation in the long term, whereby errors are viewed as an opportunity for learning.

No optical coherence tomography changes in premanifest Huntington's disease mutation carriers far from disease onset.

BACKGROUND: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) may detect retinal changes as a biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases like manifest Huntington's disease (HD). We investigate macular retinal layer thicknesses in a premanifest HD (pre-HD) cohort and healthy controls (HC). METHODS: Pre-HD mutation carriers underwent standardized ratings and a preset macular OCT scan. Thickness values were determined for each sector of all macular retinal layers, the mean of all sectors and the mean of the inner ring (IR, 3 mm) after segmentation (Heyex segmentation batch). HC were retrospectively included from an existing database. The IR thickness of the ganglion cell layer (GCL), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), GCL + inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), and total retina were included in the exploratory correlation analyses with paraclinical ratings and compared to HC. RESULTS: The analyses comprised n = 24 pre-HD participants (n = 10 male, n = 14 female) and n = 38 HC (n = 14 male, n = 24 female). Retinal layer parameters did not correlate with paraclinical ratings. Expected correlations between established HD biomarkers were robust. The IR thicknesses of the GCL, GCIPL, and total retina did not differ between pre-HD and HC. The IR thickness of the RNFL was significantly higher in pre-HD participants (pre-HD: 23.22 µm (standard deviation 2.91), HC: 21.26 µm (1.90), p = .002). DISCUSSION: In this cross-sectional cohort of genetically determined pre-HD participants, neurodegenerative features were not detected with retinal layer segmentation. Since our pre-HD collective was more than 16 years before disease onset, OCT may not be sensitive enough to detect early changes.

Double osteotomy of the pelvis for treatment of an anterior hip subluxation in a 9-year-old child with cerebral palsy: a variation of the Salter osteotomy.

Treatment with an unconventional double osteotomy of the pelvis in a 9-year-old girl with recurrent anterior hip subluxation after hip reconstruction in cerebral palsy is presented. Classical Pemberton or Salter osteotomy is effective for superolateral acetabular dysplasia, but corrections in the anterior or posterior direction are limited. In this case, double osteotomy of the pubic and iliac bone allowed better coverage in the anterior part of the acetabulum. The bone provided sufficient elasticity to achieve the desired correction without an ischial cut, therefore providing more stability of the pelvis.

Combined single photon emission computerized tomography and conventional computerized tomography: Clinical value for the shoulder surgeons?

With the cases described, we strive to introduce single photon emission computerized tomography in combination with conventional computer tomography (SPECT/CT) to shoulder surgeons, illustrate the possible clinical value it may offer as new diagnostic radiologic modality, and discuss its limitations. SPECT/CT may facilitate the establishment of diagnosis, process of decision making, and further treatment for complex shoulder pathologies. Some of these advantages were highlighted in cases that are frequently seen in most shoulder clinics.

Intra-operative femoral condylar stress during arthroscopy: an in vivo biomechanical assessment.

PURPOSE: Excessive varus and valgus stress forces during arthroscopy might exceed minimal compressive strength of cancellous bone. In extreme cases, this could lead to post-arthroscopic osteonecrosis. It was our purpose to measure the valgus and varus stress forces during arthroscopy and draw conclusions on the development of osteonecrosis. METHODS: On 24 consecutive patients undergoing arthroscopy, the maximum varus and valgus stress forces (N) were measured in vivo using a strain gauge mounted to a leg holder. The forces (N) and contact stresses (kPa) on the femoral condyles were calculated based on the measured acting lateral force at the femur fixation based on the lever principle. RESULTS: The maximum contact stress during varus on the medial condyle was significantly lower in patients with intact meniscus (mean ± standard error of the mean: 243 ± 29 kPa) than in patients with meniscus-deficient knees (520 ± 61 kPa; P < 0.01). A similar finding was obtained for the maximum contact stress during valgus on the lateral condyle: 630 ± 72 kPa in patients with intact meniscus compared to 2,173 ± 159 kPa in patients with meniscus-deficient knees (P < 0.01). In 19 patients (79%), the maximum contact stress was higher during valgus than during varus. The maximum contact stress on the lateral condyle during valgus was significantly higher for more experienced surgeons (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The maximum contact stresses in knees with intact menisci did not exceed the critical threshold of the compressive strength in cancellous bone. However, the maximum contact stresses in meniscus-deficient knees were frequently higher than the threshold. However, these stresses were much lower than those during daily activities and therefore unlikely to lead to post-arthroscopic osteonecrosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, Level II.

[Recommendations for sexual activity after total hip arthroplasty - review of the literature]. / Empfehlungen zur Sexualtität nach Hüfttotalprothesen-Implantation (Ein Kamasutra für Patienten nach Hüfttotalendoprothese?).

Population is getting older and arthroplasty is getting more common. And the evolution of implants and their better longevity enables arthroplasty to be done for younger patients too. Therefore sexual activity with hip prosthesis is more common. Literature demonstrates a positive effect of total hip arthroplasty for sexual activity. Despite the euphoria due to painfree movement of the joint, the risk of a luxation of prosthesis should not be underestimated. Especially during the first three months after surgery this risk is relatively high. This also makes sexual activity - not only in this time period, a potential risk for hip dislocation. We do recommend written guidelines for patients to be given to them preoperatively. This will allow some privacy.